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The history - The monuments
The place name “Tylisos” is being used constantly since the prehistoric era until today. During the Minoan era the palace center of Tylisos was flourishing. During the historic years, Tylisos was independent with its own currency. During the Venetian invasion, the wider area was a part of Kastaliana at Malevizi. It has been the center of revolutions not only against the Venetians but also against the Turks. That period at the mountains of the area inhabited the undisciplined Chanides. At Krousonas during July 1822 a legendary battle took place inside the church of Agios Charalabos, the patron saint of the village, where 370 people of Serif Pasa were defeated, which had as a result the retreat of the Turks from the down county of Messara. Gonies village has been an important revolutionary center. During 1830 the Ottomans executed 75 people of the village. During the Second World War the armed groups of Psiloritis acted. One of the most important events of the resistance was the sabotage of Damasta which was the reason for the execution of 30 men and the destruction of the village. Very important archeological site is the palace block of Tylisos and the worshipping cave of Trapeza. Near Gonies one can visit the Minoan edifice of Sklavokampos as well as the sanctuary at the site of Filiorimo, while at Krousonas at the site of Koupos the geometric dorp as well as the dead city at the site of Chiromandres have been discovered. The plumbing works and the drinking fountains of Tylisos are brought through across the provinces of Malevizi, Kamari and Kamariotis as well as the old faucet at Krousonas. Buildings with pre-industrial technology have been reconstructed as well as wind mills at Gonies village and Sarchos and the wind mill of the early 20th century at Gonies village. At the dorps, the central squares and the rock build houses are very interesting. At Tylisos is worth visiting the neoclassical buildings and the traditional dorp of Katsiladochori. At Keramoutsi, the cobbly square with the mulberry tree prevails, while at the villages of Kamares, Kamariotis and Gonies the rock build houses as well as the old Elementary School of Aidonochori are of exceptional architecture. The eastern side of Psiloritis hosts a large number of monasteries. North of the village Kitharida there is the Byzantine Monastery of Panagia Eleousa that is one of the oldest known monasteries in Crete. The Monastery of Agia Irene at Krousonas bloomed during the Venetian invasion. It was destroyed during the revolution of 1821 and nowadays it is inhabited by a numerous female ascetic fraternal order. Near the village of Loutraki there is the Monastery of Jerusalem. At Korfes village the glebe of Panagia Kavallara has been rescued, while among Marathos and Fodele villages there is the Monastery of Agios Pandeleimonas. In the area we will come across many churches of the Byzantine and post-Byzantine period. Very important for the worshipping across the area is the temple of Agios Myronas in the homonymous town. Very important from an archeological aspect are the wall painted temples of Panagia at Keramoutsi and the temple of Metamorphosis of the Christ at Tylisos of the 14th century. At the basilica of Agios Georgios at Kamariotis of the 16th century very interesting is the coat of arms of the Kallergis family in combination with the lion of Agios Markos, which is a symbol of the Venetian dominance. The visitor can worship the temple of Panagia Kera and the historical temple of Agios Charalampos at Krousonas.
